农耕文明不喜欢体育活动的进化生物学原因 ！

原文链接：http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v517/n7533/full/517124d.html

Human evolution：Light bones linked to less activity

Low-density bones evolved only relatively recently in modern humans as they shifted from foraging to agriculture and became more sedentary, according to two studies.

Habiba Chirchir of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC, Brian Richmond of the American Museum of Natural History in New York and their colleagues analysed upper and lower limb bones from modern and early humans, several fossil ancestor species and chimpanzees. They found that bone density, especially in lower limb joints, decreased in humans only in the past 12,000 years or so.

In a separate study, Timothy Ryan at Pennsylvania State University in University Park and Colin Shaw at the University of Cambridge, UK, examined bone structure in the hip joint in primates and in four human populations from several hundred to several thousand years ago. They discovered that bones from forager populations were much thicker and denser than those from agricultural groups, and were similar to those of wild non-human primates. The results support the idea that physical activity is important for bone strength.

初译：

1.

Human evolution：Light bones linked to less activity

人类进化：骨头轻与活动少有关

2.

Low-density bones evolved only relatively recently in modern humans as they shifted from foraging to agriculture and became more sedentary, according to two studies.

根据两项研究（的结果），低密度骨只是近来在现代人类中进化而来，由于他们从游牧转为农耕的同时变得更加久坐不动。

3.

Habiba Chirchir of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC, Brian Richmond of the American Museum of Natural History in New York and their colleagues analysed upper and lower limb bones from modern and early humans, several fossil ancestor species and chimpanzees. They found that bone density, especially in lower limb joints, decreased in humans only in the past 12,000 years or so.

华盛顿哥伦比亚特区史密森学会的Habiba Chirchir和纽约自然历史博物馆的Brian Richmond及他们的同事分析了现代人和早期人类、几种化石先祖物种及黑猩猩的上肢与下肢骨。他们发现只有人类骨密度，在过去的12,000年左右减少，特别是下肢关节（的减少）

4.

In a separate study, Timothy Ryan at Pennsylvania State University in University Park and Colin Shaw at the University of Cambridge, UK, examined bone structure in the hip joint in primates and in four human populations from several hundred to several thousand years ago. They discovered that bones from forager populations were much thicker and denser than those from agricultural groups, and were similar to those of wild non-human primates. The results support the idea that physical activity is important for bone strength.

在另外的研究中，宾夕法尼亚州立大学帕克分校的Timothy Ryan和英国剑桥大学的Colin Shaw检测了灵长类动物及从几百年前到几千年前4个时期人群的髋关节骨结构。发现游牧人群的骨比农耕人群的骨更厚，更密，且与非人类野生灵长类动物的骨相似。这个研究结果支持这样的理念----体育活动对骨骼强度是重要的。

编译汇总：

人类进化：骨头轻与活动少有关

根据两项研究（的结果），低密度骨只是近来在现代人类中进化而来，原因是他们从游牧转为农耕的同时变得更加久坐不动。

华盛顿哥伦比亚特区史密森学会的Habiba Chirchir和纽约自然历史博物馆的Brian Richmond及他们的同事分析了现代人和早期人类、几种化石先祖物种及黑猩猩的上肢与下肢骨。他们发现只有人类骨密度，在过去的12,000年左右减少，特别是下肢关节（骨密度的减少）

在另外的研究中，宾夕法尼亚州立大学帕克分校的Timothy Ryan和英国剑桥大学的Colin Shaw检测了灵长类动物及从几百年前到几千年前4个时期人群的髋关节骨结构。发现游牧人群的骨比农耕人群的骨更厚，更密，且与非人类野生灵长类动物的骨相似。这个研究结果支持这样的理念----体育活动对骨骼强度是重要的。​​​